NAD+

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NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in every living cell, essential for cellular energy production and DNA repair.

It acts as a master regulator of metabolism and longevity, playing a central role in redox reactions, mitochondrial function, and sirtuin activation.

Over time, NAD⁺ levels decline with age, stress, poor sleep, and metabolic dysfunction — leading to reduced energy, slower recovery, and impaired cellular repair mechanisms.

 NAD⁺ serves as a critical electron carrier in cellular metabolism and as a signaling molecule in DNA repair and gene expression pathways.

Key mechanisms observed in research:

1. Mitochondrial energy production – converts nutrients into ATP (cellular energy)
    
2. Sirtuin activation (SIRT1–SIRT7) – supports DNA repair and longevity pathways
    
3. PARP enzyme regulation – aids DNA strand repair and genomic stability
    
4. Neuroprotection – supports neuronal energy metabolism and cognitive function
    
5. Metabolic optimization – improves insulin sensitivity and fat oxidation
    

Cellular energy

Increased mitochondrial ATP output

Longevity & DNA repair

Enhanced sirtuin activity and genomic stability

Metabolic health

Improved glucose and lipid metabolism

Brain function

Neuroprotective and cognitive support

Recovery & vitality

Reduced fatigue, improved exercise endurance

Intravenous (IV research)

250–750 mg

1–2 times weekly

Injectable (subcutaneous/intramuscular)

100–300 mg

2–3 times weekly

Oral / Liposomal form

100–300 mg daily

Once daily

Sublingual / Nasal spray (experimental)

25–100 mg

1–2 times daily

• Cycle duration (research): 4–8 weeks
   
• Half-life: ~1–2 hours (rapid cellular uptake and utilization)
   
• Synergistic studies: Often researched with NR (Nicotinamide Riboside), NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide), or 5-Amino-1MQ to enhance intracellular NAD⁺ recycling.